Fistula espontánea de LCR como manifestación de la hipertensión intracraneal idiopática / Spontaneous CSF fistula as manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Introducción: La fistula espontanea de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de origen desconocido, es una afección poco frecuente cuya etiología se relaciona cada vez más con la hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII). Este estudio trata de concienciar que no deben considerase como 2 procesos distintos, sino que las fistulas pueden ser una forma de inicio, requiriendo un estudio y tratamiento posterior. Se describen las técnicas de reparación, así como el estudio de la HII. Resultados: Se trataron 8 pacientes, 5 mujeres y 3 varones, con edades comprendidas entre 46 y 72 años, con diagnóstico de fistula espontánea de LCR, 4 nasales y 4 óticas a los que se le sometió a tratamiento quirúrgico. Tras la reparación se realizó un estudio diagnóstico para la HII mediante RMN y angio-RM, presentando en todos los casos una estenosis de seno venoso transverso. Los valores de presión intracraneal obtenidos mediante punción lumbar mostraron valores de 20mmHg o superiores. Todos los pacientes fueron diagnosticados de HII. El seguimiento a un año no reveló ninguna recidiva de las fistulas, manteniendo un control de la HII. Conclusión: A pesar de su escasa frecuencia tanto de las fistulas craneales de LCR como de la HII, debe considerarse una asociación de ambas afecciones continuando el estudio y vigilancia de estos pacientes tras el cierre de la fístula.(AU)

Introduction: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, of unknown origin, is a rare condition whose etiology is increasingly related to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). This study tries to raise awareness that they should not be considered as two different processes, but that fistulas can be a form of debut, requiring a study and subsequent treatment. Repair techniques are described, as well as the study of IIH. Results: We treated eight patients, five women and three men, aged between 46 and 72 years, with a diagnosis of spontaneous CSF fistula, four nasal and four otics who underwent surgical treatment. After repair, a diagnostic study was performed for IIH by MRI and angio-MRI, presenting in all cases a transverse venous sinus stenosis. The intracranial pressure values obtained by lumbar puncture showed values of 20mmHg or higher. All patients were diagnosed with IIH. The one-year follow-up did not reveal any recurrence of the fistulas, maintaining a control of the IIH. Conclusion: Despite their low frequency of both cranial CSF fistula and IIH, an association of both conditions should be considered by continuing the study and surveillance of these patients after fistula closure.(AU)

Revisión sistemática sobre la influencia de la edad, el género y las variaciones estacionales en el absceso periamigdalino / Systematic review on the influence of age, gender and seasonal variations on peritonsillar abscess

Introducción y objetivo: El absceso periamigdalino (AP) es la complicación más frecuente de la amigdalitis aguda. Dadas las discrepancias observadas en la literatura, presentamos una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía, para analizar la prevalencia del AP en nuestro ámbito, en relación con tres factores epidemiológicos: la edad, el sexo y la climatología. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la influencia de la edad, el género y la estacionalidad en el AP. Las bases utilizadas fueron PubMed, Cochrane y Medline, sin restricción de tiempo, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. El registro se llevó a cabo por tres revisores independientes, durante el mes de octubre de 2022. Resultados: Se obtuvieron, tras excluir duplicados, 289 artículos, de los que tras el cribado que se detalla en la metodología, seleccionamos 23, como parte de la revisión sistemática. Discusión: En la mayoría de los trabajos incluidos, se objetiva un predominio del AP en los hombres, con una ratio hombres/mujeres, variable de 1,16 a 3. Se desconocen las causas de esta diferencia de género. La edad media de aparición del AP varía, según el estudio, de los 22 a los 39 años. Aunque con resultados dispares, el AP no parece tener un predominio estacional, sin que podamos descartar una cierta influencia climática. Conclusiones: El AP es la complicación más frecuente de la amigdalitis aguda. En el adulto, predomina en hombres. La media de edad oscila entre los 22 y 39 años. No parece mostrar preferencia climática. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Peritonsillar abscess (PA) is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. Given the discrepancies observed in the literature, we present a systematic review to analyse the prevalence of PA in our setting in relation to three epidemiological factors: age, gender, and climatology. Methods: A literature search was carried out on the influence of age, gender, and seasonality on PA. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline, without time restriction, following the PRISMA methodology. The registry was carried out by three independent reviewers during the month of October 2022. Results: After excluding duplicates, 289 articles were obtained, of which, after the screening detailed in the methodology, we selected 23 as part of the systematic review. Discussion: In most of the included papers, a predominance of PA in men is observed, with a male/female ratio varying from 1.16 to 3. The mean age of onset of PA varies, depending on the study, from 22 to 39 years. Although with disparate results, AP does not seem to have a seasonal predominance, without being able to rule out a certain climatic influence. Conclusions: AP is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. In adults, it predominates in men. The mean age ranges between 22 and 39 years. It does not seem to show climatic preference. (AU)

Estudio retrospectivo de la incidencia de los abscesos periamigdalinos y parafaríngeos en el periodo 2000-2021 / Retrospective study of the incidence of peritonsillar and parapharyngeal abscesses in the period 2000-2021

Introducción y objetivo: Las infecciones faringo-amigdalares y sus complicaciones son muy frecuentes y con características epidemiológicas variables, de unos países a otros. El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en determinar la incidencia, edad, género y estacionalidad, de los pacientes ingresados con amigdalitis (A), absceso periamigdalino (AP) y parafaríngeo (APF), en un hospital de tercer nivel, en Valladolid (España). Método: Estudio retrospectivo de 1339 pacientes ingresados en HCUV entre los años 2000 y 2021 por infecciones faringocervicales (A, AP y APF). Resultados: La media de edad de los pacientes ingresados con A es de 27,8 años, con AP de 35,5 y con APF de 47 años, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). La amigdalitis predomina en mujeres (ratio: 1,26), y en hombres el AP (ratio: 1,44) y el APF (ratio: 2,4). No hemos encontrado relación significativa de estos procesos ni con los meses del año ni con las estaciones climáticas. Discusión: Las diferencias de género, edad media y estacionalidad entre la A y el AP generan controversia para poder entender el origen del AP y la posible influencia de los factores de riesgo. Hay pocos estudios epidemiológicos publicados sobre el APF, cuya incidencia parece que está aumentando, por causas desconocidas. Conclusiones: La A destaca en la infancia, el AP en adultos jóvenes y el APF en más mayores. Salvo la A y el AP en adolescentes, que predominan en mujeres, el resto de los abscesos faringocervicales son más frecuentes en hombres. En la población estudiada el clima no parece un factor etiopatogénico importante. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Pharyngotonsillar infections and their complications are very frequent, and their epidemiological characteristics vary from one country to another. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, age, gender and seasonality of patients admitted with tonsillitis (T), peritonsillar abscess (PT) and parapharyngeal abscess (PPA) in a tertiary hospital in Valladolid (Spain). Method: Retrospective study of 1339 patients admitted to HCUV between 2000 and 2021 for pharyngo-cervical infections (A, PA and PPA). Results: The mean age of patients admitted with A was 27.8 years, 35.5 years with PA and 47 years with PPA, this difference being statistically significant (p<0.001). Tonsillitis predominates in women (ratio: 1.26), and in men PA (ratio: 1.44) and PPA (ratio: 2.4). We found no significant relationship between the frecuency of these processes and the months of the year or climatic seasons. Discussion: The differences in gender, mean age and seasonality between A and PA generate controversy in order to understand the origin of PA and the possible influence of risk factors. There are few epidemiological studies published on PPA, whose incidence seems to be increasing, for unknown causes. Conclusions: A tends out in childhood, PA in young adults and PPA in older patients. Except for A and PPA in adolescents, which predominate in women, the rest of the pharyngo-cervical abscesses are more frequent in men. In the population studied, climate does not seem to be an important etiopathogenic factor. (AU)

Seguimiento otológico en niños con síndrome de Down / Otological follow-up in children with Down

Introducción y objetivo: La trisomía 21 es la alteración cromosómica más frecuente que a consecuencia del incremento experimentado en su esperanza de vida, requiere unos cuidados más especializados. Las manifestaciones de la esfera ORL representan un foco dominante de morbilidad. Los problemas auditivos son más habituales que en el resto de población, pudiendo mediatizar la evolución educativa y social, afectando su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en analizar los resultados del seguimiento otológico y auditivo de los niños con síndrome de Down (SD), evaluados en el Servicio de ORL del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid (HCUV). Método: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo/retrospectivo de 83 niños con SD que acudieron a consulta de hipoacusia infantil entre los años 1993 y 2021. Resultados: Detectamos un 66% de malformaciones de oído externo. La patología de oído medio estuvo presente en el 93%. Se objetivó hipoacusia en el 61%, siendo bilateral en el 78%. El 87% de las diagnosticadas, son de grado leve/moderado y el 6% profundo. La hipoacusia mixta fue el tipo más frecuente, seguida de la neurosensorial. Se realizó cirugía ORL al 62%, destacando la adenoidectomía. Discusión: El seguimiento ORL recomendado para los niños con SD resulta una tarea difícil de organizar, donde se impone desarrollar una planificación específica, que lo haga posible en nuestro sistema público de salud. Conclusiones: Dada la frecuencia e importantes repercusiones de las alteraciones auditivas en los niños con SD, es fundamental la identificación precoz y el seguimiento indefinido, para intentar favorecer su correcto desarrollo. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Trisomy 21 is the most frequent chromosomal alteration and, because of the increase in life expectancy, requires more specialized care. Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations are a dominant focus of morbidity. Hearing problems are more common when compared to the rest of the population and can impact educational and social development, affecting their quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the otological and auditory follow-up of children with Down syndrome (DS), evaluated in the ENT Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid (HCUV). Method: Prospective/retrospective longitudinal study of 83 children with DS who attended consultation for childhood hearing loss between 1993 and 2021. Results: We detected 66% of external ear malformations. Middle ear pathology was present in 93%. Hearing loss was found in 61%, being bilateral in 78%. Of those diagnosed, 87% were mild/moderate and 6% were profound. Mixed hearing loss was the most frequent type, followed by sensorineural hearing loss. ENT surgery was performed in 62%, with adenoidectomy being the most frequent. Discussion: ENT follow-up recommended for children with DS is a difficult task to organize, as it is necessary to develop specific planning to make it possible in our public health system. Conclusions: Given the frequency and important repercussions of hearing impairment in children with DS, early identification and indefinite follow-up is essential to try to promote their correct development. (AU)

Spontaneous CSF fistula as a manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, of unknown origin, is a rare condition whose aetiology is increasingly related to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). This study tries to raise awareness that they should not be considered as two different processes, but that fistulas can be a form of debut, requiring a study and subsequent treatment. Repair techniques are described, as well as the study of HII. RESULTS: We treated 8 patients, 5 women and three men, aged between 46 and 72 years, with a diagnosis of spontaneous CSF fistula, four nasal and four otics who underwent surgical treatment. After repair, a diagnostic study was performed for IIH by MRI and Angio-MRI, presenting in all cases a transverse venous sinus stenosis. The intracranial pressure values obtained by lumbar puncture showed values of 20mm Hg or higher. All patients were diagnosed with HII. The one-year follow-up did not reveal any recurrence of the fistulas, maintaining a control of the HII. CONCLUSION: Despite their low frequency of both cranial CSF fistula and IIH, an association of both conditions should be considered by continuing the study and surveillance of these patients after fistula closure.

Sordera súbita idiopática: factores pronóstico y resultados del tratamiento de rescate con dexametasona intratimpánica / Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: prognostic factors and outcomes of salvage treatment with intratympanic dexamethasone

Introducción y objetivos: La sordera súbita idiopática se define habitualmente, como una pérdida auditiva superior o igual a 30 dB HL, en 3 o más frecuencias consecutivas, con un tiempo de instauración inferior a 72 horas, de causa desconocida. Siendo actualmente motivo de discusión el efecto de la terapia esteroidea en este síndrome, evaluaremos la eficacia del corticoide intratimpánico (CIT) como tratamiento de rescate. Como objetivo secundario, estudiaremos la influencia de determinados factores considerados de riesgo o pronóstico. Pacientes y métodos: Se comparan los resultados de dos grupos de población con edad y pérdida auditiva similar. El primero, de 99 pacientes, recibió exclusivamente tratamiento sistémico con corticoides. En el segundo de 70, con una sordera súbita idiopática refractaria al tratamiento general, instilamos corticoide intratimpánico. Comparamos las diferencias de umbral medio auditivo en el momento del diagnóstico y a los 3 meses, además del grado general de recuperación. Resultados: La aplicación intratimpánica de 3 dosis de dexametasona (8mg/ml) en la sordera súbita idiopática refractaria, no ha producido, en nuestra población, un cambio significativo respecto al tratamiento sistémico. Analizamos también la influencia de los factores pronósticos seleccionados. Discusión: Desconocemos la eficacia del tratamiento con corticoides en la sordera súbita idiopática. El tipo de lesión y las características del paciente podrían ser decisivos en el pronóstico final y en el resultado terapéutico. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de rescate con CIT, no ha aportado mejoría auditiva significativa en la población estudiada. Los factores con peor pronóstico son: la presencia de síntomas vestibulares, la hipoacusia de grado profundo, la caída audiométrica hacia tonos agudos, el inicio del tratamiento después de 2 semanas y fundamentalmente, la falta de mejoría de al menos 10 dB el 4º día de tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSNHL) is commonly defined as greater than 30 dB of hearing loss in at least 3 audiometric frequencies occurring over 3 days or less, of unknown cause. Since the effect of steroid therapy in this syndrome is currently under discussion, we will evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic corticosteroid (ITC) as rescue treatment. As a secondary objective, we will study the influence of certain factors considered risk or prognostic. Patients and methods: The results of two population groups with similar age and hearing loss are compared. The first of 99 patients received exclusively systemic treatment with corticosteroids. In the second group of 70, with ISSNHL refractory to general treatment, we instilled intratympanic corticosteroids. We compared the differences in mean hearing threshold at diagnosis and at 3 months, as well as the general degree of recovery. Results: Intratympanic application of 3 doses of dexamethasone (8mg/ml) in refractory ISSNHL did not produce, in our population, a significant change with respect to systemic treatment. We also analyzed the influence of selected prognostic factors. Discussion: We do not know the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in idiopathic sudden deafness. The type of lesion and patient characteristics could be decisive in the final prognosis and therapeutic outcome. Conclusions: Rescue treatment with ITC has not provided significant hearing improvement in the population studied. The factors with the worst prognosis are the presence of vestibular symptoms, profound hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss in audiometry, the beginning of treatment after 2 weeks and fundamentally, the lack of improvement of at least 10 dB on the 4th day of treatment. (AU)

Otitis externa maligna. Experiencia a lo largo de 25 años en un hospital de tercer nivel / Malignant external otitis. Experience over 25 years at a tertiary referral hospital

Introducción y objetivo: La otitis externa maligna (OEM) es una infección agresiva de los tejidos blandos del oído externo y estructuras circundantes, que puede diseminarse e involucrar la base del cráneo y la articulación temporomandibular (ATM). Afecta fundamentalmente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos mayores de 65 años. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer las características de los pacientes diagnosticados de OEM en nuestro hospital durante los últimos años y establecer los criterios diagnóstico-terapéuticos de esta rara enfermedad. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, de los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid por OEM entre los años 1996 y 2021. Resultados: En los últimos 25 años fueron ingresados por OEM nueve pacientes, 78% varones (7/9) y con una edad media de 76,8 años. Todos manifestaron precozmente la enfermedad, con otalgia, otorrea y tejido de granulación en el conducto auditivo externo (CAE). Ninguno tuvo afectación de pares craneales, pero cuatro sufrieron invasión de la ATM y dos fallecieron. Discusión y Conclusiones: Actualmente el diagnóstico de OEM se establece a partir de una variedad de hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y radiográficos. El tratamiento antibiótico depende de la severidad de la infección. Desde la aparición de los antibióticos antipseudomónicos, el tratamiento quirúrgico inicial de esta patología no está indicado, realizándose únicamente biopsia o desbridamiento para el diagnóstico diferencial con patología tumoral. Conclusión: La OEM continúa siendo una enfermedad con grave morbilidad y potencialmente mortal, especialmente en pacientes ancianos y con otras comorbilidades. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Malignant external otitis (MEO) is an aggressive infection of the soft tissues of the external canal and surrounding structures, which can spread and involve the skull base and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It mainly affects immunocompromised patients over 65 years of age. The objective of this study has been to know the characteristics of patients diagnosed with MEO in our hospital in recent years and to establish the diagnosis and therapeutic criteria for this rare disease. Method: A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with MEO at the University Clinical Hospital (Valladolid, Spain) between 1996 and 2021 was carried out. Results: Nine patients were diagnosed with MEO in the last 25 years, 78% male (7/9), and with a mean age of 76.8 years. All patients manifested the disease early with otalgia, otorrhea and granulation tissue in the external auditory canal (EAC). None had cranial nerve involvement, but four had TMJ invasion and two of the nine patients in the sample died. Discussion: Currently the diagnosis of MEO is established from a variety of clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings. Antimicrobial therapy depends on the severity of the infection. Since the availability of systemic antipseudomonal antibiotics, surgical treatment of this pathology is not indicated initially, performing only biopsy or debridement for differential diagnosis with tumor pathology. Conclusion: MEO continues to be a disease with serious morbidity and maximum mortality, especially in elderly patients and with other comorbidities. (AU)

Costilla cervical: tres casos para ilustrar su presentación clínica / Cervical rib: three cases to illustrate its clinical presentation

Introducción y objetivo: La costilla cervical se manifiesta clínicamente como una tumoración de dureza pétrea en la región supraclavicular, que puede sugerir inicialmente malignidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es ilustrar su presentación, para facilitar la sospecha clínica y el diagnóstico, ofreciendo al paciente un pronóstico benigno. Método: Se presentan tres casos clínicos diagnosticados de costilla cervical en el servicio de ORL de nuestro hospital. Discusión: Los datos de la anamnesis, la exploración clínica y una radiografía simple de tórax, deberían ser indicios suficientes, para diferenciar esta entidad de un proceso maligno. Conclusiones En el diagnóstico diferencial de una masa dura supraclavicular, debemos pensar en la posibilidad de una costilla cervical. (AU)

Introduction and objective: A cervical rib clinically manifests as a hard supraclavicular lump, which may initially suggest malignancy. The objective of the present work is to illustrate its presentation, to make the suspicion and diagnosis of it easier and thereby offering the patient a benign diagnosis. Method: We present three clinical cases of cervical rib seen in the ENT service of our hospital. Discussion: Information from the clinical interview and physical exam along with a simple thorax radiography should be sufficient to distinguish this entity from a malignant process. Conclusions: In the differential diagnosis of a hard supraclavicular mass, we should consider the possibility of a cervical rib. (AU)

Nasal Symptoms in Asthmatic Patients under Treatment with Anti-IL-5 Monoclonal Antibodies. A Real-Life Cohort Study.

Currently, some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being studied for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Three anti-IL-5 mAb: mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab, have been tested through randomized clinical trials. In this real-life study, we aimed to describe the nasal effects of a cohort of asthmatic adults treated with anti-IL-5 mAb. Methods: We carried out an observational study in adults (≥18 years) on anti-IL-5 mAb treatment. Variables included ACT and SNOT−22 questionnaires, nasal polyps score, blood total IgE levels and blood eosinophil count. Results: Overall, 38 participants were included in the study; 19 patients received mepolizumab, 17 were treated with benralizumab and 2 patients were given reslizumab. There was a statistically significant difference in the ACT and SNOT−22 scores before and after mAb treatment. ACT score increased from 11.05 to 21.5 after treatment (p < 0.001). SNOT−22 decreased from 57 to 37.3 after treatment (p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences between mAb groups were observed regarding the ACT or the SNOT−22 (p = 0.775) response (p = 0.775). In addition, 60.53% of patients obtained a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in SNOT−22. Conclusions: A significant clinical response based on SNOT−22 score evolution after anti-IL-5 mAb treatment was observed. This study also demonstrated that blood eosinophil count, rather than serum total IgE levels, is the best predictor of asthma symptom improvement, which was assessed through the ACT and SNOT−22 questionnaires.

The first otologic surgery in a skull from El Pendón site (Reinoso, Northern Spain).

Archaeological research in the Dolmen of El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos, Spain) has brought to light the complex biography of a megalithic monument used throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC. The ossuary of this burial holds the bones of nearly a hundred individuals who suffered from diverse pathologies and injuries. This study presents the discovery of a skull with two bilateral perforations on both mastoid bones. These evidences point to a mastoidectomy, a surgical procedure possibly performed to relieve the pain this prehistoric individual may have suffered as a result of otitis media and mastoiditis. The hypothesis of surgical intervention is also supported by the presence of cut marks at the anterior edge of the trepanation made in the left ear. Furthermore, the results of this paper demonstrate the survival of the individual to both interventions. Given the chronology of this dolmen, this find would be the earliest surgical ear intervention in the history of mankind.

Radioanatomical study of the extended free nasal floor mucosal graft and its clinical applications.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a radio-anatomical evaluation of the nasal cavity floor free mucosal graft (endonasal extended mucoplasty, EEM) to repair mucosal defects after an extended ethmoid-sphenoidotomy. METHODS: A human cadaveric study (radiological and anatomical dissection) and an in vivo study in surgical patients with CRSwNP were performed. The EEM areas were compared between 3D reconstruction from CT scans and anatomical/surgical dissections, both in cadaver specimens and in patients. Feasibility was assessed by correlation between the EEM area on CT scans and when harvested in cadavers and when grafted in patients. Usefulness was assessed by the degree of coverage of the EEM in the surface exposed after an extended ethmoid-sphenoidotomy. Both feasibility and usefulness were assessed in cadaveric specimens (n = 15) and patients (n = 4). RESULTS: Fifteen cadaveric specimens and 4 patients with bilateral CRSwNP were included. The mean (SD) areas obtained in the cadaveric radiological and anatomical studies were 9.44 (2.07) cm2 and 8.03 (1.36) cm2, respectively (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.59, moderate correlation), and in 3D reconstruction for operated patients were 10.32 (0.98) cm2 and 11.27 (2.44) cm2, respectively. The coverage of the ethmoidal roof in the cadaveric dissection study was 100%, from the anterior ethmoidal artery to the posterior ethmoidal artery, covering the planun sphenoidale up to 75% in the case series. In 87.5% of the cases, up to 50% of the papiracea lamina was covered. CONCLUSION: The EEM have shown to be a feasible and useful grafting technique to repair skull base defects after performing an extended ethmoid-sphenoidotomy during surgery for CRSwNP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.

[Carcinoma on pleomorphic adenoma in cervical salivary heteropia. Handling of one case and literature review]. / Carcinoma sobre adenoma pleomorfo en heterotopia salival cervical. Manejo de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

The presence of salivary tissue outside of the salivary glands, a term called "salivary heterotopia," is not very common. The co-existence of carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma in a salivary heterotopia in the upper third of the neck can be considered unusual. We present an infrequent and clinically unsuspected case of carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma in the upper third of the neck and independent of the salivary glands. The tumour developed within heterotopic salivary tissue, with the histopathological study of the surgical extract being decisive for its diagnosis. The cervical salivary embryogenesis of heterotopias and their oncogenesis is analyzed. Their clinical signs are reviewed to indicate the difficulty in distinguishing the different types of diagnosis from other primary or metastatic tumours so as to assist in choosing the therapy to follow.

Carcinoma sobre adenoma pleomorfo en heterotopia salival cervical. Manejo de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Carcinoma on pleomorphic adenoma in cervical salivary heteropia. Handling of one case and literature reviews

La presencia de tejido salival fuera de las glándulas salivales, denominada "heterotopia salival", es poco frecuente y es insólito que concurra un carcinoma ex adenoma pleomorfo en una heterotopia salival en el tercio superior del cuello. Presentamos un caso raro y clínicamente insospechado de carcinoma sobre adenoma pleomorfo en la región superior del cuello e independiente de las glándulas salivales. El tumor se desarrolló dentro de un tejido salival heterotópico, y fue decisivo el estudio histopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica para su diagnóstico. Se analiza la embriogénesis de las heterotopias salivales cervicales y su oncogénesis. Se revisan sus manifestaciones clínicas y se señala la dificultad en el diagnóstico diferencial con otros tumores primarios o metastásicos que nos harían vacilar sobre qué terapia aplicar

The presence of salivary tissue outside of the salivary glands, a term called "salivary heterotopia," is not very common. The co-existence of carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma in a salivary heterotopia in the upper third of the neck can be considered unusual. We present an infrequent and clinically unsuspected case of carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma in the upper third of the neck and independent of the salivary glands. The tumour developed within heterotopic salivary tissue, with the histopathological study of the surgical extract being decisive for its diagnosis. The cervical salivary embryogenesis of heterotopias and their oncogenesis is analyzed. Their clinical signs are reviewed to indicate the difficulty in distinguishing the different types of diagnosis from other primary or metastatic tumours so as to assist in choosing the therapy to follow